Paramec-K®

Product Group	:	Parasiticides
Pharmaceutical Form	:	Solution for Injection
Active Ingredient	:	Ivermectin, Clorsulon
Target Type	:	Cattle
Package Form	:	50 - 100 ml

For Animal Use Only

Composition - Pharmacological Properties
Indications – Usage
Undesirable Effects – Warnings

For Animal Use Only

PARAMEC-K

Solution for Injection

Veterinary Endectocide and Fasciolacid

COMPOSITION

Paramec-K Solution for Injection is a clear, light yellow, sterile, ready-to-use solution for injections. It contains 10 mg of Ivermectin and 100 mg of Chlorsulon in 1 ml.

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Ivermectin, a mixture of 22,23 dihydroavermectin B1a (H2B1a) (at least 80%) and 22,23 dihydroavermectin B1b (H2B1b) (up to 20%), is a macrocyclic lactone group compound obtained from Streptomyces avermitilis cultures. Ivermectin prevents the passage of motoric nerve impulse by keeping chloride (CI-) channels open by increasing the secretion of Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) in neuromuscular endplates (arthropods), motoric ganglion synapses (nematodes) of parasites; thus, the parasite becomes paralyzed and dies. In mammals, Ivermectin kills parasites without harming the host animal, as it cannot cross the blood/brain barrier and sufficiently penetrate the GABA-ergic nerves in the central nervous system. In subcutaneous administration, it reaches its maximum plasma concentration in an average of 1.3 days, with a mean plasma elimination half-life of 3.5 days in sheep and 8 days in cattle. It is transported bound to plasma proteins. The volume of distribution is high. It penetrates all tissues and body fluids except cerebrospinal fluid. Since it is stored in adipose tissues and released and eliminated slowly, it has a lasting effect that varies between 2-4 weeks, depending on the parasite species. It is excreted mainly with bile secretion and to a very small extent in the urine. More than 90% of the excreted substance is the unmetabolized parent compound. Chlorsulon is a sulfonamide derivative antiparasitic that is effective by inhibiting enzymes involved in energy metabolism and preventing glucose utilization in butterflies (Fasciola hepatica, F.gigantica). It is absorbed very quickly and completely in subcutaneous application. It reaches its highest concentration in plasma within 6 hours and in tissues within 24 hours. It does not undergo significant metabolic changes in the body. It is excreted from the body mainly through bile and urinary tract.

AREA OF USE / INDICATIONS

Paramec-K Solution for Injection is a broad-spectrum preparation with endo and ectoparasitic activity, used for the fight and control of internal and external parasites in cattle.

Paramec-K Solution for Injection has been successfully used to combat the following parasites:

Liver Butterflies: Fasciola gigantica (adult), Fasciola hepatica (adult),

Gastro-intestinal Nematodes: Bunostomum phlebotumum, Toxacara vitulorum Trichostrongylus axei, T.colubriformis, Cooperia oncophora, Heamonchus placei, Ostertagia sp., O.ostertagi (adults, larval stages, hypobiotic larvae, hypobiotic larvae, O. Mecistocircus digitatus (adults), Oesophagostomum radiatum, Strongylus papillosus (adults), C.punctata, C.pectinata, Cooperia sp., Nematodirus helvetianus (adults), N.spathiger (adults),

Lung Pinworms: Dictyocaulus viviparus

Pathogens of Filariosis in the Skin: Parafilaria bovicola

Eye Nematodes: Thelezia spp (adults)

Wound Worms (in the parasitic period): Chrysomya bezziana, Cochliomyia hominivorax

Nocra Factor Fly Larvae (in parasitic period): Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma lineatum, Dermatobia hominis

Scabies: Psoroptes communis bovis, Psoroptes communis ovis, Sarcoptes scabei bovis, Chorioptes bovis

Lice: Linognatus vituli, Haematophinus eurysternus, Solonoptes capillatus, Damalinia bovis Ticks (some single-host ticks, soft ticks): Boophylus microplus, Boophylus decoloratus, Ornithodurus savigny

USAGE AND DOSAGE

Paramec-K Solution for Injection is administered subcutaneously only.

It is injected under the loose skin in the neck area or behind the scapula in cattle.

During the application, the rules of asepsis and antisepsis should be followed, and dry, sterile needles and syringes should be used.

Unless recommended otherwise by the veterinarian;

In cattle, 0.2 mg ivermectin and 2 mg chlorsulon / kg body weight, 1 ml per 50 kg body weight is administered subcutaneously.

Practical dose table

CATTLE
Dose (mL)	Body Weight (Kg)
1.0	50
2.0	100
3.0	150
4.0	200
6.0	300
8.0	400
10.0	500
12.0	600

It is administered subcutaneously only. It is not administered intramuscularly or intravenously. In doses exceeding 10 ml, the dose should be divided into two.

SPECIFIC CLINICAL INFORMATION AND WARNINGS FOR TARGET SPECIES

Regardless of the type of parasite, the application must cover all animals in the herd for successful parasitic control.

- Parasitic developmental stages of target parasites, infestation intensity, climate and pasture conditions, pasture schedules and other environmental factors should be taken into account in determining the application times and frequency. Consult your veterinarian for the most appropriate and effective parasite control program for the area.

- It is necessary to apply several times a year to animals that graze continuously or occasionally in the pasture. Consult your veterinarian to determine the most appropriate spraying times, number of sprayings and application intervals according to the conditions of the region and the target parasites.

- One time Paramec-K Solution for Injection application is usually sufficient for the cattle that are taken to the barn.

- The best results can be obtained in the pasture season of that year, when 3 applications are made to the young animals that go out to the pasture for the first time, in the 3rd, 8th and 13th weeks following their emergence.

- There are some clinical observations that paresis and paraplegia occur as a result of the death of Hypoderma bovis larvae that have entered the spinal cord during migration, and salivation and secondary tympani due to esophageal paralysis as a result of the death of Hypoderma lineatum larvae.

- For Nocra control, application should be preferred at the end of the Nocra fly season

- By applying Paramec 2% Solution for Injection, the effectiveness of controlling the infestation against Screwworm, Chrysomia bezziana larvae continues for 2 weeks after the application, so woundworm infections can be prevented for 14 days in aquaculture applications such as castration, stamping, ear numbering.

- It has been determined that the permanent effect times of Paramec 2% Solution for Injection against infective pinworm larvae vary between 2-4 weeks depending on the nematode species.

- In order to get the best results in the treatment of psoroptic mange in sheep, it is recommended to apply 2 times with an interval of 7 days.

Use in Pregnancy: It is safe for pregnant women in the recommended use. Fetotoxicity in the form of low body weight in offspring was reported in rabbits at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight.

UNDESIRED EFFECTS

Temporary pain and swelling may occur at the injection site.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

There is no known incompatibility with other drugs. It should not be mixed with other drugs.

SYMPTOMS OF OVERDOSE, PRECAUTIONS AND ANTIDOTE

Its therapeutic index is very broad, even at 10 times higher doses, it does not cause side and toxic effects, although there is practically no overdose, but rarely, mydriasis, various degrees of depression, muscle relaxation, paresis, ataxia, decreased tongue and lip tone, drooling, Central nervous system-related symptoms such as lying down on the floor and coma may be seen. There is no known antidote.

RESIDUAL WARNINGS FOR FOOD PRODUCING ANIMALS

Drug Residue Elimination Period: During the treatment and after the last drug application, cattle raised for meat should not be sent to slaughter until 35 days after. It should not be used in dairy cattle producing milk for human consumption.