<h3>PİKLAS<sup>&reg;</sup></h3><p>Oral Tablet</p><p>Sığır ve Koyunlar i&ccedil;in Tamamlayıcı Yem</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>BİLEŞİMİ</h3><p>Tamamlayıcı yem i&ccedil;erisinde Magnezyum stearat, Laktoz, Mısır Nişastası, Dikalsiyum Fosfat bulunmaktadır.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>ANALİTİK BİLEŞENLER</h3><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td>Ham Protein</td><td>%0</td><td>Sodyum</td><td>%0.18</td></tr><tr><td>Ham Sel&uuml;loz</td><td>%0.4</td><td>Kalsiyum</td><td>%4.7</td></tr><tr><td>Ham Yağ</td><td>%1.3</td><td>Fosfor</td><td>%3.9</td></tr><tr><td>Ham K&uuml;l</td><td>%26.4</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="1">&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table><div><p>&nbsp;</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><thead><tr><th>Tanımlayıcı numara</th><th>Aktif Madde</th><th>Katkı Adı</th><th><div>Her 1 g tb.</div><div>Aktif madde miktarı</div></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="4"><div style="text-align:center"><strong>Vitaminler</strong></div></td></tr><tr><td>3a700</td><td>Vitamin E</td><td>&alpha;- tokoferol asetat</td><td>12,0 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><div style="text-align:center"><strong>İz Elementler</strong></div></td></tr><tr><td>3b405</td><td>Bakır</td><td>Bakır S&uuml;lfat Pentahidrat</td><td>4,0 mg</td></tr><tr><td>3b605</td><td>&Ccedil;inko</td><td>&Ccedil;inko S&uuml;lfat Monohidrat</td><td>9,5 mg</td></tr><tr><td>3b305</td><td>Kobalt</td><td>Kobalt S&uuml;lfat Heptahidrat</td><td>4,6 mg</td></tr><tr><td>3b503</td><td>Mangan</td><td>Mangan S&uuml;lfat Monohidrat</td><td>3,9 mg</td></tr><tr><td>3b801</td><td>Selenyum</td><td>Sodyum Selenit</td><td>1,2 mg</td></tr></tbody></table></div>

Piklas®

<h3>PYTON TONIC<sup>&reg;</sup></h3><p>Oral &Ccedil;&ouml;zelti</p><p>Mineral Amino Asit Premiks</p><p>&nbsp;</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><thead><tr><th>Tanımlayıcı Numara</th><th>Aktif Madde</th><th>Katkı Adı</th><th colspan="2">Beher 1 Litre&rsquo;de</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>İz Elementler</strong></td></tr><tr><td>3b102</td><td>Demir</td><td>Demir Klor&uuml;r</td><td>750</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td>3b501</td><td>Mangan</td><td>Mangan Klor&uuml;r</td><td>800</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td>3b305</td><td>Kobalt</td><td>Kobalt Klor&uuml;r</td><td>7.5</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td>3b602</td><td>&Ccedil;inko</td><td>&Ccedil;inko Klor&uuml;r&nbsp;</td><td>800</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td>3b405</td><td>Bakır</td><td>Bakır Klor&uuml;r</td><td>125</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Mineraller</strong></td></tr><tr><td>11.1.6</td><td>Kalsiyum</td><td>Kalsiyum Klor&uuml;r</td><td>10.000</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td>11.4.1</td><td>Sodyum</td><td>Sodyum Klor&uuml;r</td><td>500</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td>11.2.6</td><td>Magnezyum</td><td>Magnezyum Klor&uuml;r</td><td>500</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td>11.5.1</td><td>Potasyum</td><td>Potasyum Klor&uuml;r</td><td>500</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td>3b801</td><td>Selenyum</td><td>Sodyum Selenit</td><td>7.5</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Koruyucular</strong></td></tr><tr><td>1a338</td><td>Fosfor</td><td>Ortofosforik Asit</td><td>31.638</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Aminoasitler</strong></td></tr><tr><td>3c301</td><td>Metiyonin</td><td>DL-Methionine</td><td>9.000</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td>3c322</td><td>Lizin</td><td>L-Lizin Hidroklor&uuml;r</td><td>5.000</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Taşıyıcılar</strong></td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td colspan="2">Deiyonize Su</td><td>943.219</td><td>mg/lt</td></tr></tbody></table>

Pyton Tonic®

<h3>RUMENTOR<sup>&reg;</sup></h3><p>Oral Toz</p><p>Sindirim Sistemi D&uuml;zenleyici Premiks</p><p>&nbsp;</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><thead><tr><th>Tanımlayıcı numara</th><th>Aktif Madde</th><th>Katkı Adı</th><th>Premiksdeki d&uuml;zey</th><th>Birimler</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Vitaminler / Provitaminler</strong></td></tr><tr><td>3a820</td><td>Vitamin B1</td><td>Tiyamin Hidroklor&uuml;r</td><td>400</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td>3a315</td><td>Vitamin B3</td><td>Niasinamid</td><td>5.000</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td>3a831</td><td>Vitamin B6</td><td>Pridoksin Hidroklor&uuml;r</td><td>500</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td>3a316</td><td>Vitamin B9</td><td>Folik Asit</td><td>40</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td>Vitamin B12</td><td>Siyanokobalamin</td><td>100</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>İz Elementler</strong></td></tr><tr><td>3b506</td><td>Mangan</td><td>Glisin Mangan Şelatı</td><td>890</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td>3b607</td><td>&Ccedil;inko</td><td>Glisin &Ccedil;inko Şelatı (Katı)</td><td>300</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td>3b108</td><td>Demir</td><td>Glisin Demir Şelatı</td><td>1.100</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td>3b305</td><td>Kobalt</td><td>Kobalt S&uuml;lfat Heptahidrat</td><td>15</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Teknolojik Yem Katkı Maddeleri Koruyucular</strong></td></tr><tr><td>E282</td><td colspan="2">Kalsiyum Propiyonat</td><td>116.000</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Zooteknik Yem Katkı Maddeleri Bağırsak Flora D&uuml;zenleyiciler</strong></td></tr><tr><td>4b1710</td><td colspan="2">Saccharomyces cerevisiae MUCL 39885 (Prosol spA)</td><td>7.5x1011</td><td>CFU/kg</td></tr><tr><td>4a2</td><td colspan="2">Aspergillus Oryzae NRRL 458 (Amaferm)</td><td>50.000</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Amino Asitler</strong></td></tr><tr><td>3c301</td><td>Metiyonin</td><td>DL-Metiyonin</td><td>10.000</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td>3c322</td><td>Lizin</td><td>L-Lizin Monohidroklor&uuml;r</td><td>5.000</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5"><strong>Taşıt Maddeler</strong></td></tr><tr><td>11.4.2</td><td colspan="2">Sodyum Bikarbonat</td><td>300.000</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td>12.1.5</td><td colspan="2">İnaktif Maya &Uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml; (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)</td><td>330.000</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr><tr><td>11.2.1</td><td colspan="2">Magnezyum Oksit</td><td>133.000</td><td>mg/kg</td></tr></tbody></table><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Rumentor Oral Toz sığır, koyun ve ke&ccedil;ilerde sindirim sisteminin d&uuml;zenlenmesine yardımcı olur.</p>

Rumentor®

Complementary Feed – Premix

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>ENROX</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Systemic Antibacterial</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Enrox Solution for Injection is a light yellow, clear, particle-free solution containing 100 mg of Enrofloxacin in 1 ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p style="text-align:justify">Enrofloxacin is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum antibacterial used in cattle and sheep, included in the group of fluoroquinolones. Enrofloxacin shows its bactericidal activity by inhibiting the activity of the DNA gyrase enzyme (topoisomerase II), which is responsible for bacterial DNA synthesis. Major susceptible bacteria: E.coli, Salmonella spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., Moraxella spp., Acinobacter spp., Actinobacillus spp., Pasteurella spp., Leptospira spp., Campylobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Haemophilus spp., Ehrlichia spp., Coxiella brunetti, including those resistant to methicillin and gentamicin, Staphylococcus spp., including those resistant to penicillin, N.gonorrhoeae,</p><p>N. meningiditis, Corynebacterium spp.,&nbsp; Chlamydia spp., V.cholerae, Mycoplasma spp.</p><p>Strep. suis, Strep. agalactia, Strep dysgalactia, Strep. zooepidemicus, R.equi, Mycobacterium spp. shows moderate sensitivityMost anaerobic cocci are Clostridium spp., Bacteroides spp., and Ps. maltophila is generally less sensitive or resistant to quinolones.</p><p>Enrofloxacin is rapidly absorbed from the injection site in all animal species and diffuses into body tissues and fluids within 30 minutes to 1-2 hours. The highest concentration occurs in the liver. Its bioavailability is 80%, and its plasma protein binding rate is less than 30%. Its half-life is 2-6 hours and is excreted unchanged, mostly through the kidneys through the urine and a small part via the bile/stool.</p>

Enrox

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>FLORCOL 450</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Systemic Antibacterial</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Florcol 450 Solution for Injection is a light yellow, yellow clear sterile solution containing 450 mg of florfenicol per ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p style="text-align:justify">Florcol 450 Solution for Injection is a broad-spectrum synthetic bacteriostatic antibiotic. It inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 70 S ribosomal subunits of bacteria. The main susceptible bacteria are:</p><p><strong>Gram-positive bacteria: </strong>Actinomyces spp., Corynebacterium spp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathie, Listeria monocytogenes, most Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp.</p><p><strong>Gram-negative bacteria: </strong>Actinobacillus spp., Bordetella bronchiseptica, Enterobacteriaceae (E.coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Salmonella spp.), Haemophilus spp., Leptospira spp., Moraxella spp., Pasteurella spp.</p><p>All anaerobes are generally susceptible. They are moderately active against Rhodococcus equi. Mycobacterium spp. and Nocardia spp. are resistant.</p><p>It is rapidly absorbed after intramuscular administration and reaches a serum concentration of 0.19 &mu;g/ml 60 hours after administration. The protein binding rate varies between 12.7-18.3%. It is distributed throughout the body, especially in the lungs, liver, and kidneys. It is excreted from the body through urine and feces.</p>

Florcol 450®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3><strong>MACROTİL</strong></h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Systemic Antibacterial</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>It is a light yellow-amber coloured, clear sterile injectable solution containing Tilmicosin phosphate equivalent to 300 mg Tilmicosin base per ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Tilmicosin, which comes from the macrolide group, is a semi-synthetic antibiotic. It acts by binding to the 50 S ribosomal subunit in bacteria, inhibiting protein synthesis and stopping bacterial growth. Bacteria on which it is effective to include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Clostridium perfringens and Mycoplasma species, and microorganisms such as Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus somnus, and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Following a single-dose administration of 10 mg/kg body weight given subcutaneously in cattle, peak Tilmicosin concentration is achieved in the plasma within 1 hour and levels of 0.07 &micro;g/ml are maintained in the plasma for 3 days.</p><p>Tilmicosin reaches a concentration in the lungs of approximately 60 times the serum level, and this concentration persists for more than 3 days. This feature makes it preferred in the treatment of respiratory system infections. It also reaches high concentrations in the liver, breast tissue and kidneys. In a 21-day period, 24% of the drug is excreted in the urine and 68% in the stool.</p>

Macrotil

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>MAXEF</h3><p>Suspension for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Systemic Antibacterial</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Maxef Suspension for Injection is cream-light pink in color and contains Cephalexin monohydrate equivalent to 180 mg of Cephalexin base per ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Cephalexin is a first-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against Gram (+) and some Gram (-) bacteria. It is bactericidal. It shows this effect by inhibiting mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. Like other beta-lactam antibiotics, it also acts by inhibiting enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall syntheses, such as carboxypeptidase, transpeptidase, and endopeptidase in the bacterial cytoplasm.&nbsp;</p><p>Main bacterial species it is effective on Staphylococcus sp. (including penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium sp., Pasteurella multocida, Proteus sp., Micrococcus sp., Erysipelothrix rusiopathiae, Clostridium sp., Salmonella sp., Moraxella sp., Actinobacillus sp. Haemophilus sp., Fusobacterium sp., Peptostreptococcus sp., and Peptococcus sp.</p><p>It is rapidly absorbed from the injection site following intramuscular administration and reaches a maximum plasma concentration of 9.8 mg/ml within 1 hour. In order to see the bactericidal effect of cephalexin, the presence of an inhibitory concentration for two hours is sufficient. Its concentration in plasma drops rapidly and falls below the minimum limits after 12 hours. This rapid decrease in concentration prevents the antibiotic from accumulating in the blood-udder barrier and leaving residue in the milk. After metabolizing cephalexin, most of it is excreted in the urine and some in the feces.</p>

Maxef

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PENİDRO</h3><p>Suspension for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Systemic Antibacterial</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Penidro Suspension for Injection s a ready-to-use, sterile suspension for injection containing 200,000 IU of Benzylpenicillin procaine and 200 mg of Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate in 1 ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p style="text-align:justify">Penidro Suspension for Injection is a broad-spectrum formulation effective against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria sensitive to the combination of penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin. Benzylpenicillin procaine acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis of susceptible bacteria, especially during the growth phase. This also allows higher levels of streptomycin to enter the bacteria. Thus, dihydrostreptomycin, which passes to bacteria at higher concentrations, acts by disrupting protein synthesis. This joint and complementary synergistic effect is bacteriostatic and bactericidal even at very low doses. Since penicillin is effective against gram-positive and dihydrostreptomycin gram-negative bacteria, its spectrum widens considerably with a synergistic effect in combination.</p><p>It proved to be effective against the following bacteria in vitro, thanks to the synergistic effect resulting from the combination of penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin: Corynebacterium pyonegenes, Listeria spp., Pasteurella haemolytica, P.multocida, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp. spp., E.coli, Proteus spp., Moraxella spp., Actinobacilus lignieresi, Haemophilus spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., and Leptospira species.</p><p>It reaches its maximum concentration in the blood 1-3 hours after intramuscular administration, some of it is free and some are protein-bound (80-90% of penicillin, 30% of dihydrostreptomycin). It passes through the kidney, lung, liver, skin and soft tissue, mucosa, serosa, and connective tissue. It is partially metabolized into penicyloic acid, but the majority (90%) is excreted by the kidneys without any metabolic change, and to a lesser extent by milk, bile, and sweat.</p>

Penidro®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PENİDRO LA</h3><p>Suspension for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Systemic Antibacterial</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Penidro LA Suspension for Injection is a ready-to-use, long-acting, sterile, aqueous suspension for injection containing 100,000 IU Procaine Penicillin G, 100,000 IU Benzathine Penicillin G and 250 mg Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate equivalent to 200 mg Dihydrostreptomycin base in ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Penidro LA Suspension for Injection is a broad-spectrum, long-acting formulation effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria sensitive to the combination of penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin. Benzathine and procaine penicillin G in combination cause their death by disrupting the cell wall synthesis of susceptible bacteria, especially during the growth period. This also allows streptomycin to enter the bacteria at higher concentrations. Thus, dihydrostreptomycin, which passes into bacteria at higher concentrations, acts by disrupting protein synthesis. This joint and mutually reinforcing synergistic effect is bacteriostatic and bactericidal even at very small doses. Since penicillin is effective against gram-positive and dihydrostreptomycin gram-negative bacteria, its spectrum has been expanded with a synergistic effect.</p><p>The synergistic effect resulting from the combination of penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin has a spectrum that includes both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It has been shown to be effective against the following bacteria in vitro: Corynebacterium pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia, Listeria sp., Pasteurella haemolytica, P. multocida, Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Peptostreptecoccus sp., Erysipelothrix insidiosa, Esstridium colichia sp., ., Moraxella sp., Actinobacillus lignieresi, Haemophilus sp., and Salmonella sp.</p><p>Due to its depot effect, it is gradually absorbed from the injection site and is partially free and partially protein-bound (80-90% of penicillin, 3% of dihydrostreptomycin) in the blood. It passes into kidney, liver, lung, skin and soft tissue, mucosa, serosa and connective tissue. It is excreted in large amounts by the kidneys and in smaller amounts by bile, milk and sweat without undergoing a metabolic change of 80-90%.</p>

Penidro LA®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PİGENTA</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Systemic Antibacterial</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Pigenta Solution for Injection contains 170 mg Gentamicin sulfate equivalent to 100 mg Gentamicin base per ml. It is a colorless or light yellow sterile solution.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside derivative obtained from Micromonospora purpurea cultures. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with bactericidal action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. As with other aminoglycoside antibiotics, its bactericidal effect occurs by combining with 30 S ribosomal subunits in bacteria, preventing mRNA from joining them and causing misreading of codons on RNA.</p><p>The main susceptible bacteria to gentamicin are Enterobacter spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Serratia spp., Yersinia spp., Campylobacter spp., Haemophilus spp., Pasteurella spp., Most strains of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Staph. aureus is most sensitive. However, other gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus spp., some Pseudomonas spp., and anaerobic bacteria are resistant. For the treatment of systemic diseases, it should be given parenterally, especially intramuscularly. The drug acts within 15 minutes after intramuscular administration and reaches its peak plasma value within 30-60 minutes, and is generally more than 90% absorbed from the application site. At therapeutic doses, the drug provides effective blood density in animals, usually for 8-10 hours. The MIC of the drug is between 1-2 &micro;g/ml. The circulating drug is almost never bound to plasma proteins. Gentamicin is distributed in the body mainly in HDS, mostly in the kidney, muscle, and liver. The Vd of the drug is close to 0.2 L/kg in most animal species. The drug is excreted unchanged from the body in the urine, in dogs - 90% in the first 24 hours and more than 96% in 5 days.</p>

Pigenta

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PİLOSİN</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Systemic Antibacterial</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Pilosin Solution for Injection is a light yellow &ndash; yellow-colored, clear sterile solution containing 200 mg of Tylosin base per ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces fradiae cultures. The drug shows its effect in bacteria by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits and inhibiting protein synthesis. Here it inhibits the binding of peptidyl-t-RNA. The drug acts by stopping the growth of bacteria. Tylosine is mainly susceptible to gram-positive bacteria. The MIC of the drug in susceptible bacteria ranges between 0.1-0.5 &micro;g/ml. Tylosine is mainly susceptible to gram-positive bacteria. Mycoplasma sp., Leptospira sp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Treponema hyodisantriae, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Actinomyces sp., Clostridium sp., Chlamydia sp., Fusobacterium necrophorum, Pasteurella sp., Campylobacter sp. are the main susceptible species.<br/>Nocardia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Chlamydia psittaci, Mycobacterium sp., Enterobacteriaceae, B.fragilis, E.coli, and Klebsiella sp. are resistant.<br/>When tylosin is administered intramuscularly and subcutaneously in its base form, it is rapidly absorbed from the application site. It reaches its peak level in plasma 30 minutes after administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg in dogs. It is rapidly absorbed following intramuscular administration in cattle and pigs and reaches peak plasma concentration within 1-2 hours after injection. The mean drug concentration in plasma approximately 2 hours after intramuscular administration is 1.5 mcg/ml, and its half-life is 3-4 hours. The drug that passes into the circulation passes to all body parts except CSF at a concentration that can be effective. The drug concentration in milk can be up to 5 times that in plasma. Tylosin does not change much in the body and is excreted mainly in the bile, milk and partly in the urine.</p>

Pilosin

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PİMOXİL LA</h3><p>Suspension for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Systemic Antibacterial</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Pimoxil LA Suspension for Injection is a white, light yellow, sterile suspension for injection containing Amoxicillin trihydrate equivalent to 150 mg Amoxicillin base in 1 ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Pimoxil LA Suspension for Injection is a broad-spectrum, long-acting formulation with bactericidal action against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria sensitive to amoxicillin. Amoxicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.</p><p>The susceptibility of bacteria to amoxicillin is as follows:</p><p><strong>Susceptible bacteria: </strong>Most Gram-positive bacteria, including beta-hemolytic Streptococcus sp. (Strep. agalactiae, S.canis, S.zooepidemicus, S.dysgalactiae, S.suis, S.uberis, Bacillus anthracis, Actinomyces sp., most Corynebacter sp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, most Listeria monocytogenes), some anaerobes (Clostridium sp., most Fusobacterium sp., some Bacteroides sp.,), some Gram-negative aerobes (Haemophilus somnus), Borrelia sp., Leptospira sp., Actinobacillus sp., Haemophilus sp., Moraxella sp., Pasteurella sp..</p><p><strong>Bacteria showing intermediate susceptibility: </strong>Although it varies due to acquired immunity, the following bacteria are moderately susceptible: Actinobacillus sp., Borrelia sp., Haemophilus sp., Leptospira sp., Moraxella sp., Pasteurella sp., Proteus sp., Taylorella equigenitalis, Serpulina sp. Resistance development is common in ., Campylobacter sp., Enterococci , Rhodococcus equi, Enterobacteriaceae.</p><p><strong>Resistant bacteria: </strong>Bacteroides fragilis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Citrobacter sp., Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., other Proteus sp., Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Serratia sp., Yersinia enterocolitica.</p><p>It is absorbed very rapidly after parenteral administration and reaches a peak level in blood serum 1-2 hours later. It quickly spreads to almost all tissues and concentrates especially in the lungs, liver and kidneys. It is poorly bound to serum proteins. Response to treatment is very fast. It passes into the cerebrospinal fluid at a rate of 10-60% of that in the plasma in case of inflammation of the meninges. It is effectively excreted in high concentrations with urine and bile. It does not cause irritation at the injection site.</p>

Pimoxil LA

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PİOXY LA</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Systemic Antibacterial</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Pioxy LA Solution for Injection is a yellow-amber colored, clear sterile solution containing Oxytetracycline dihydrate equivalent to 200 mg of Oxytetracycline base in each ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Pioxy LA Solution for Injection is an antibacterial containing oxytetracycline, it provides long-lasting blood density in a single dose. Oxytetracycline is a member of the tetracyclines, a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic group that inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria. After oxytetracycline enters the cell by active transport and some passive diffusion, it binds reversibly to the receptors on the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and prevents the binding of aminoacyl-transfer RNA to the ribosome complex. This effectively prevents amino acids from participating in peptide chain elongation and inhibits protein synthesis. It also inhibits the activity of bacterial enzymes by forming chelates with metals in their structure.</p><p><strong>The effect of oxytetracycline on bacteria is as follows:</strong></p><p>It has a good effect on Gram-positive aerobes (Bacillus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathia, Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus sp.),&nbsp;</p><p>Gram-negative bacteria (Actinobacillus sp., Bordetella sp., Francisella tularensis, Haemophilus sp., Pasteurella haemophilus sp., Pasteurella haemophilus sp., P. Yersinia sp., Campylobacter fetus, Borrelia sp., Leptospira sp. and Moraxella bovis), Anaerobes (Actinomyces sp., Fusobacterium sp.,) and Mycoplasma sp., Chlamydia sp., Ehrlichia sp., Coxiella burnetti, Theileria, Eperythrozoon and Anaplasmas.</p><p>Due to acquired resistance, its effect on Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., Enterobacter sp., E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Salmonella sp., Anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides sp. and Clostridium sp is variable.&nbsp;</p><p>Mycobacterium sp., Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Serratia sp., Mycoplasma bovis, and M. hyopneumoniae are considered resistant to tetracyclines.</p><p>When administered intramuscularly in a single recommended dose, it is rapidly and highly absorbed from the application site and distributed to tissues. The level of oxytetracycline in the blood peaks at the end of the 4th hour and remains at this level until approximately 8 hours after administration. The concentration then decreases slowly but maintains therapeutic concentrations for 84-96 hours. Circulating oxytetracycline is 20-40% bound to plasma proteins and is well distributed to all body parts. The remainder of the drug forms a depot at the injection site, where the drug is slowly absorbed and distributed throughout the body, providing an effect that lasts for 3-4 days. Oxytetracycline is excreted from the body primarily by glomerular filtration through the kidneys and secondarily with bile.</p>

Pioxy LA®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PİZERO</h3><p>Suspension for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Systemic Antibacterial</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Pizero Suspension for Injection is a sterile suspension of white to pale yellow color containing ceftiofur hydrochloride equivalent to 50 mg of ceftiofur base per 1 ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p><strong>Pharmacodynamic properties</strong></p><p>Ceftiofur is a 3rd generation cephalosporin and is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ceftiofur acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.</p><p>Betalactams act by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell wall synthesis is dependent on enzymes called penicillin linker proteins. Bacteria develop resistance to cephalosporins by 4 basic mechanisms; 1) By desensitizing penicillin-binding proteins, 2) By changing the permeability of the cell wall to betalactam, 3) By producing betalactamase, which enables the cleavage of the betalactam ring, 4) Active efflux.</p><p>Some beta-lactamases found in Gram-negative enteric organisms can increase the MIC values of first- and second-generation cephalosporins, beta-lactam-inhibiting combinations, penicillins, ampicillins, and third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins.</p><p>The MIC values of target bacteria obtained from infected animals in Europe are as follows:</p><div><table border="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>Bacteria (number of isolates)</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>MIC range (&micro;g/mL)</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>MIC90 (&micro;g/mL)</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Mannheimia haemolytica&nbsp; (149)</p></td><td><p>&le; 0.002 - 0.12</p></td><td><p>0.015</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Pasteurella.multocida (134)</p></td><td><p>&le; 0.002 - 0.015</p></td><td><p>0.004</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Histophilus somni (66)</p></td><td><p>&le; 0.002 - 0.008</p></td><td><p>0.004</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Truperella pyogenes (35)</p></td><td><p>0.25 - 4</p></td><td><p>2</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Escherichia coli (209)</p></td><td><p>0.13 - 2</p></td><td><p>0.5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Fusobacterium necrophorum (67)(Foot rot isots)</p></td><td><p>&le; 0.06 - 0.13</p></td><td><p>TE</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Fusobacterium necrophorum (2)(acute metritis isolates)</p></td><td><p>&le; 0.03 - 0.06</p></td><td><p>TE</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>&nbsp;</p><p>TE: not detected.</p><p>The Clinical and Laboratory Institute has recommended the following values for respiratory pathogens on the label for ceftiofur.</p><div><table border="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>Zone Diameter (mm)</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>MIC (&mu;g/mL)</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>Evaluation</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>&ge; 21</p></td><td><p>&le; 2.0</p></td><td><p>(S) Susceptible</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>18 - 20</p></td><td><p>4.0</p></td><td><p>(I) Intermediate</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>&le; 17</p></td><td><p>&ge; 8.0</p></td><td><p>(R) Resistant</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Pharmacokinetic properties</strong></p><p>After administration, ceftiofur is rapidly metabolized to its main metabolite, desfuroilceftiofur.</p><p>This metabolite has antimicrobial activity equivalent to ceftiofur. It binds reversibly to plasma proteins. Due to its binding to these proteins, the metabolite is actively involved at the site of infection and remains active in the presence of pus and nectoric tissue.</p><p>At a single dose of 1 mg/kg subcutaneous administration in cattle, the maximum plasma level (2.85 &plusmn; 1.11 &micro;g/mL) was reached two hours after administration. In healthy cattle, the Cmax level in the enrometrium was measured as 2.25 &plusmn; 0.79 &micro;g/mL after 5&plusmn;2 hours in a single application. Maximum concentrations in the carncula and lochia were measured as 1.11 &plusmn; 0.24 &micro;g/mL and 0.98 &plusmn; 0.25 &micro;g/mL, respectively.</p><p>The half-life in cattle is 11.5 &plusmn; 2.57 hours. No accumulation was observed with daily treatments longer than five days. Excretion occurs mainly in the urine (more than 55%) and feces (31%).</p><p>The bioavailability of ceftiofur is complete after subcutaneous administration.</p>

Pizero®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>SULFACEL</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Systemic Antibacterial</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Sulfacel Solution for Injection is a clear, light yellow-yellow sterile solution containing 215.8 mg of Sulfadimidine sodium and 40 mg of trimethoprim, equivalent to 200 mg of Sulfadimidine base, per ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Sulfacel Solution for Injection is prepared on the basis of the combination of sulfadimidine sodium, a sulfonamide derivative, and trimethoprim. Thanks to the active ingredients of sulfadimidine sodium and trimethoprim it contains, it inhibits the activity of two consecutive enzymes in the folic acid synthesis chain of susceptible bacteria. With the combination of two active substances with synergistic effect, a stronger effect occurs than the antibacterial effect of each active substance at lower doses, and the risk of developing resistance of bacteria is reduced. Sulfacel Solution for Injection is effective in vitro against the following gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria:</p><p><strong>Gram-positive aerobes: </strong>Staph. aureus, Streptococcus sp., Actinomyces sp., Corynebacterium sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathie.</p><p><strong>Gram-negative aerobes:</strong> Actinobacillus sp., Bordetella sp., Enterobacteriaceae (E. Coli, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Salmonella sp., Yersinia sp.) Haemophilus sp., Pasteurella sp.</p><p><strong>Anaerobes:</strong> Actinomyces sp., Bacteroides sp., Fusobacterium sp., some Clostridium sp., Chlamydia sp.</p><p>Some Mycobacterium sp., and some Nocardia sp. are moderately susceptible.</p><p>Rickettsia sp. Leptospira sp., Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Mycoplasma sp. are considered resistant.</p><p>Sulfadimidine sodium is rapidly and well absorbed after parenteral administration and does not pose a risk of crystallization in the kidney tubules, due to its slow excretion from the body and its metabolites being well soluble in water. After parenteral administration of sulfadimidine sodium and trimethoprim, peak plasma concentration is reached in approximately 4 hours. After intravenous administration of sulfadimidine sodium, it reaches a plasma concentration of 5 mg/100 ml for 24 hours. Sulfadimidine sodium and trimethoprim are bound to plasma proteins. Excretion from the body is mostly in the urine.</p>

Sülfacel®

Antibacterials

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>KETOLİN</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p><strong>Ketolin Solution for Injection</strong> is a clear, colorless or pale straw colored solution containing 100 mg of Ketoprofen per 1 ml and 10 mg of Benzyl alcohol as an antimicrobial preservative.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p><strong>Pharmacodynamic properties</strong></p><p style="text-align:justify">Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In addition to its anti-inflammatory effect, it also has antipyretic and analgesic effects. Not all modes of action are fully known. The pharmacological mechanism of action of ketoprofen is based on partial inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotrine synthesis by acting on cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase. Ketoprofen also suppresses bradykinin formation and platelet aggregation, stabilizes the cell membranes of lysosomes, which inhibits the release of lysosomal enzymes that mediate tissue destruction.</p><p><strong>Pharmacokinetic properties</strong></p><p>After intravenous injection to horses, the half-life is approximately 1 hour, the volume of distribution is approximately 0.17 l/kg, and the clearance is approximately. It is 0.3 l/kg. After intramuscular injection in cattle and swine, ketoprofen is rapidly absorbed, with a maximum plasma concentration of approximately 11 micrograms/ml achieved in &frac12; to 1 hour. The mean absorption time is approximately 1 hour, and the plasma half-life is 2 - 2 &frac12; hours. The bioavailability after intramuscular injection is 90-100% in cattle and pigs. In case of repeated injection at 24-hour intervals, ketoprofen exhibits linear and constant kinetics as the above parameters remain unchanged. Approximately 95% of ketoprofen is bound to plasma proteins.</p>

Ketolin®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>TERMOLİN</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Non-Steroid Anti-inflammatory, Antirheumatic</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p><strong>Termolin Solution for Injection</strong> is a colorless, clear, odorless, sterile solution containing Flunixin meglumine equivalent to 50 mg Flunixin base per ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Termolin Solution for Injection has a strong analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of non-narcotic and non-steroidal nature. Flunixin meglumine inhibits the production of prostaglandin synthetase, which is necessary for prostaglandin production, while also blocking the effect of prostaglandins on the CNS, reducing or completely eliminating the symptoms of inflammation, pain and fever. It reaches peak plasma concentration rapidly after intravenous and intramuscular administration. Bio-half-life: 1.6 hours in horses, 3.7 hours in dogs, 8-10 hours in cattle.</p><p>The peak plasma concentration of Flunixin meglumine, which was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg bw/day for 2 days in cattle, reached 17.1-18.3 &micro;g/ml after 5 minutes, and decreased to 0.36-0.65 &micro;g/ml after 2 hours. Approximately 90% of the total radioactivity (61% in faeces, 29% in urine) is excreted unchanged within 24 hours.</p><p>The bioavailability of Flunixin meglumine given at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg, orally and subcutaneously for 3 days in dairy cows, was 53% and 75%, respectively, when compared with intravenous use. The residue in milk is usually low, decreasing to 0.05-0.06 mg/l (MRLs for milk: 0.04 mg/l) after 9 hours. The plasma half-life of intravenous administration of a dose of 1.1 mg/kg/day in horses is 1.6 hours, and the drug can be measured in plasma for 8 hours and in urine for 48 hours. Only 14% of the administered drug can be excreted in the urine within the first 24 hours. Thanks to this pharmacokinetic feature, since its effect in horses lasts for 24-36 hours, it can maintain its versatile effectiveness all day long with a single injection. When a dose of 1.1 mg/kg/day is administered intramuscularly, 21% of the dose is excreted in the stool and 57% in the urine (in unchanged form) over a period of 96 hours.</p>

Termolin

Anti-Inflammatory

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>BUPARCEL</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Antiprotozooner</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p><strong>Buparcel Solution for Injection</strong> is a clear, red-dark brown sterile solution containing 50 mg of Buparvaquone in each ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p style="text-align:justify">Buparvaquone, the active ingredient of <strong>Buparcel Solution for Injection</strong>, is a second generation antiprotozooner from the hydroxynaphthoquinone group.</p><p>The tertiary-butyl bond in the composition of Buparcel Solution for Injection provides a long plasma half-life and the cyclohexyl ring in the 4-position ensures slow metabolism. Buparvaquone is effective on schizont and pyroplasma forms in cattle. Its activity is parasite-specific. It does not develop adverse effects on host lymphocytes. When buparvaquone is administered intramuscularly at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, the maximum plasma concentration is 1.102 &mu;g/kg, the time to peak plasma concentration is 3.27 hours, and the elimination half-life is 26.44 hours, and the volume of distribution is 35.381/kg. It is generally excreted in the stool after entero-hepatic circulation.</p>

Buparcel®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>ALFAZOL</h3><p>Oral Tablet</p><p>Veterinary Anthelmintic</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Alfazol Oral Tablet, Each tablet, which is white&ndash;off-white in color and with two notches, contains 1200 mg of Albendazole.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Albendazole is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic belonging to the benzimidazole carbamate chemical group. It acts by inhibiting the effectiveness of Fumarate Reductase, which is in the glucose metabolism of the parasites, and by disrupting the energy metabolism of the parasites. At the end of this degradation, the use of glycogen increases and the parasite dies. Albendazole reaches peak plasma concentration in cattle 6 hours after administration. Albendazole is rapidly distributed in body fluids and tissues, and its plasma level rarely exceeds 1%. The product is metabolized to Sulphoxide and Sulphone compounds. As a single dose, oral albendazole is excreted in the urine, 28% in the first 24 hours and 47% in the 9-day period.</p>

Alfazol

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>İMOCEL</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Antiprotozooner</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>It is a clear, sterile, colorless or light yellow solution containing 120 mg of imidocarb dipropionate equivalent to 85 mg of imidocarb per ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p><strong>Imocel Solution for Injection</strong> is a veterinary specialty developed on the basis of the active substance imidocarb dipropionate for the clinical treatment and control of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle, and babesiosis in sheep and horses. Imidocarb is a member of carbanilide derivative drugs with strong anti protozoan activity. Although the mode of action of the drug is not known exactly, its possible mechanism of action is that it affects the size and number of nuclei in susceptible protozoa, inhibition of repair processes, and kinetoplastid DNA replication, and morphological distortions (vacuolation) in the cytoplasm. In addition to its lethal effect against piroplasmosis agents, imidocarb also provides protection against disease in cattle, which is an important advantage over other drugs. At recommended therapeutic doses, imidocarb injected subcutaneously and intramuscularly to target animals is rapidly absorbed, reaching the highest blood density in 30 minutes in cattle and in less than 1 hour in sheep. The absorbed drug is bound primarily to blood proteins at high rates and to other tissues in increasing concentrations. Due to the specified pharmacokinetic profile, it creates a long-term protective effect. It accumulates in the liver and kidneys in the highest concentrations. It passes into the placental circulation in pregnant animals. The drug given as a single dose is excreted mainly in the urine and up to 10% in the feces without undergoing significant metabolic changes. It also passes into milk at low concentrations in milked animals.</p><p>When imidocarb is given in amounts 1.7 times higher than the therapeutic doses, it can cause the development of undesirable cholinergic effects and death at high doses of up to 5 times. The oral LD50 value in mice was found to be 544-863 mg/kg and the same dose in rats was between 1216-1652 mg/kg body weight.</p>

İmocel®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PARAMEC 10</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Endectocide</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p><strong>Paramec 10 Solution for Injection</strong> is an odorless, clear, light-colored sterile solution containing 10 mg of Ivermectin (22,23-dihydro-avermectin B1a at least 80% and 22,23-dihydro-avermectin B1b at most 20%) in 1 ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p><strong>Paramec 10 Solution for Injection</strong> is an endectocidal preparation used in the control of internal (nematodal) and external (scabies, lice, nocra etc.) parasites in cattle and sheep.</p><p>Ivermectin is a semi-synthetic derivative of avermectin obtained from the fermentation of Streptomyces avermitilis. It increases the secretion of GABA in the motoric ganglion synapses (nematodes) or neuromuscular endplates (Arthropods) of the parasites, keeping the chloride channels open, preventing the passage of the motoric nerve impulse, and paralyzing the parasites. However, it is very safe in mammals, as it cannot cross the blood-brain barrier and sufficiently pass to the GABAergic nerves in the central nervous system. It is absorbed from the injection site and reaches its highest plasma concentration within 12 hours. Its bioavailability is about 85% and it has a half-life of 8-13 days as a result of its late release. It is excreted 98% in stool, and 2% in urine and milk. Due to its long residual effect, it protects animals for 7-21 days.</p>

Paramec 10®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PARAMEC %2</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Endectocide</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p><strong>Paramec 2% Solution for Injection</strong> is an odorless, clear, colorless or light yellow sterile solution containing 20 mg of Ivermectin (22,23-dihydro-avermectin B1a at least 90% and 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b at most 10%) in each 1 ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Paramec 2% Solution for Injection is an endectocide product used in the control of internal (Nematoda) and external (scabies, lice, nocra etc.) parasites in cattle and sheep. Ivermectin is an Avermectin derivative and is a macrocyclic lactone group compound obtained from Streptomyces Avermitilis cultures. Ivermectin is composed of at least 90% 5-o-demethyl-22,23-dihydroavermectin A1a [22-23 Dihydroavermectin B1a] and up to 10%&nbsp; 5-o-demethyl-25-de (1-methylpropyl)-22,23-dihydro-25-(1-methylethyl) avermectin A1a [22-23 Dihydroavermectin B1b] components. The ratio of components [H2B1a/(H2B1a+H2B1b]) is a minimum of 90%. Ivermectin keeps chlorine (CI-) channels open by increasing the secretion of Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) in the motoric ganglion synapses (nematodes) or neuromuscular endplates (arthropods) of parasites. It enables paralysis and death of the parasite by preventing the passage of motoric nerve impulses. On the other hand, Ivermectin kills parasites without harming the host animal, as it cannot cross the blood/brain barrier in mammals and cannot sufficiently penetrate the GABA-ergic nerves located in the central nervous system. The time to reach the maximum plasma concentration in subcutaneous administration is on average 1.3 days, the plasma elimination half-life is on average 3.5 days in sheep and 8 days in cattle. It is transported bound to plasma proteins. The volume of distribution is high. It penetrates all body fluids and tissues except cerebrospinal fluid. Since it is stored in adipose tissues and released and eliminated slowly, it has a lasting effect that varies between 2-4 weeks depending on the parasite species. It is excreted mainly with bile secretion and to a very small extent in the urine. More than 90% of the excreted substance is an unmetabolized parent compound.</p>

Paramec %2®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PARAMEC-K</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Endectocide and Fasciolacid</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p><strong>Paramec-K Solution for Injection</strong> is a clear, light yellow, sterile, ready-to-use solution for injections. It contains 10 mg of Ivermectin and 100 mg of Chlorsulon in 1 ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Ivermectin, a mixture of 22,23 dihydroavermectin B1a (H2B1a) (at least 80%) and 22,23 dihydroavermectin B1b (H2B1b) (up to 20%), is a macrocyclic lactone group compound obtained from Streptomyces avermitilis cultures. Ivermectin prevents the passage of motoric nerve impulse by keeping chloride (CI-) channels open by increasing the secretion of Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) in neuromuscular endplates (arthropods), motoric ganglion synapses (nematodes) of parasites; thus, the parasite becomes paralyzed and dies. In mammals, Ivermectin kills parasites without harming the host animal, as it cannot cross the blood/brain barrier and sufficiently penetrate the GABA-ergic nerves in the central nervous system. In subcutaneous administration, it reaches its maximum plasma concentration in an average of 1.3 days, with a mean plasma elimination half-life of 3.5 days in sheep and 8 days in cattle. It is transported bound to plasma proteins. The volume of distribution is high. It penetrates all tissues and body fluids except cerebrospinal fluid. Since it is stored in adipose tissues and released and eliminated slowly, it has a lasting effect that varies between 2-4 weeks, depending on the parasite species. It is excreted mainly with bile secretion and to a very small extent in the urine. More than 90% of the excreted substance is the unmetabolized parent compound. Chlorsulon is a sulfonamide derivative antiparasitic that is effective by inhibiting enzymes involved in energy metabolism and preventing glucose utilization in butterflies (Fasciola hepatica, F.gigantica). It is absorbed very quickly and completely in subcutaneous application. It reaches its highest concentration in plasma within 6 hours and in tissues within 24 hours. It does not undergo significant metabolic changes in the body. It is excreted from the body mainly through bile and urinary tract.<strong> </strong></p>

Paramec-K®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>ŞERİTAB</h3><p>Oral Tablets</p><p>Veterinary Anthelmintic</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Each Şeritab Oral Tablet, which is yellow in color and has two breakpoints, contains 300 mg of Praziquantel.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Şeritab Oral Tablet contains Praziquantel, an isoquinoline derivative anthelmintic. Praziquantel is a broad-spectrum cestocidal anthelmintic specific to tapeworms. Praziquantel impairs the membrane permeability of the tapeworm, preventing glucose uptake and depleting its energy reserves, leading to the death of the parasite. After a few seconds, severe contractions and contractions occur in the rings of the tapeworms that come into contact with praziquantel, the function of the hooks embedded in the intestine deteriorates and the scolex leaves the mucosa and becomes paralyzed. After the product is administered, it is largely absorbed from the stomach and intestines and reaches the maximum serum level within 30 minutes to 4 hours. It is localized in organs such as liver and kidney. Its serum half-life is 4 hours, and it is excreted mostly in the urine and a little in the stool. Praziquantel is completely eliminated from the body 8-10 hours after administration. Praziquantel is not irreversibly bound to body tissues.</p>

Şeritab®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>CYPERCEL PO</h3><p>Pour-On Solution</p><p>Veterinary Ectoparasitic (Insecticide-Acaricide)</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p><strong>Cypercel Pour-On Solution</strong> is a blue-colored, slightly aromatic odorous solution containing 25 mg of Cypermethrin (cis: trans 50:50) per ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Cypermethrin, which is the active ingredient of Cypercel Pour-On Solution, is a synthetic insecticide from the pyrethroid Type II group. Synthetic pyrethroids act as contact and stomach poisons similar to natural pyrethroids, causing rapid death in parasites after overstimulation and movement incompatibility. They do not produce a systemic effect. Pyrethroid group insecticides are lipophilic. Thus, they easily pass through the cuticle rich in lipoid molecules of parasitic insects and reach their point of action. Ectoparasites ingest cypermethrin by oral route and contact. Cypermethrin creates its neurotoxic effect in the parasite cell by allowing sodium channels in the nerve cell membrane to either remain open for a long time or close slowly, allowing excessive sodium to enter the nerve cell. This causes repeated discharge and sudden depolarization of the nerve cell membrane of the parasite, which results in restlessness with convulsions, and then incoordination and paralysis in the parasite. Cypermethrin is particularly effective in sensory nerves, neuronal secretion cells, and nerve endings. As a result of sufficient Cypermethrin activity, death occurs. When cypermethrin is applied to the skin, it penetrates the skin and disperses. Since it is a lipophilic substance, it accumulates mostly in adipose tissue, liver, and kidney in the body. Cypermethrin applied through the skin is absorbed at very low levels, and only 2% of the drug administered in a single dose is excreted in the urine and 0.5% in the stool between 2-6 days.</p><p><strong>Toxicity:</strong> The acute toxicity of Cypermethrin, which is among the substances with toxicity class II according to the classification of the World Health Organization (WHO), is variable and depends on factors such as the cis: trans ratio of the drug, the species, age, breed of the animal and the solvent in the formulation. The cis isomer is more toxic than the trans isomer. The acute oral LD50 value of cis: trans 90:10 cypermethrin is 367 mg/kg body weight in female rats, the same value for cis: trans 40:60 is 891 mg/kg body weight. Acute LD50 value in rats was determined between 400-4000 mg/kg body weight.</p>

Cypercel PO

Parasiticides

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>DEKSAKORT %0.4</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Anti-inflammatory, Antiallergic</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p><strong>Deksakort 0,4 % Solution for Injection</strong> per ml: clear, colorless, sterile injectable solution containing 4 mg Dexamethasone 21 Sodium Phosphate, equivalent to 3 mg Dexamethasone base.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Deksakort 0,4 % Solution for Injection has high anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anaphylactic activity thanks to dexamethasone, a synthetic analogue of hydrocortisone it contains. It is a safe glucocorticoid with a long duration of 36-72 hours even at low doses. Glucocorticoids (Corticosteroids) suppress acute and chronic inflammation cases that develop due to different factors (microorganism, chemical substances and mechanical factors). These antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory activities are due to their inhibition of fibroblast activity and granuloma formation. Thus, the inflammatory phenomenon is prevented by stabilizing the lysosomal membrane and preventing the spread of lysosomal proteolytic enzymes, which are caused by their breakdown and have a large share in the formation of inflammation, to the damaged cell and its surroundings. It moderately corrects hypoglycemia in dairy animals with ketosis; It raises the blood glucose level and decreases the glucose utilization in the periphery. 8-10 hours after glucocorticoid use, blood glucose level returns to normal rapidly. Within 24 hours, the animal&#39;s appetite is increased, and the milk yield, which decreases the next day, begins to increase.</p><p>It is rapidly absorbed following parenteral administration and reaches its peak plasma level. Plasma binding in cattle is 74%. The drug is hydrolyzed in serum 10 minutes after the injection. It is converted in the liver by hydroxylation mainly to the 6-hydroxy and 2-dihydroxy dexamethasone metabolites. Within 24 hours, 44% of the dose is excreted in the urine and feces.</p>

Deksakort %0.4

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>SELEXOL</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Synthetic Prostaglandin</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p><strong>Selexol Solution for Injection</strong> is a clear, colorless sterile solution containing 263 &mu;g Cloprostenol sodium equivalent to 250 &mu;g Cloprostenol per ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p style="text-align:justify">Cloprostenol is a synthetic prostaglandin F2 alpha dinoprost (PGF2 alpha) analog. Like prostaglandin F2 alpha, cloprostenol has the effect of luteolizing the corpus luteum, contracting uterine smooth muscles and relaxing the cervix. Cloprostenol exerts its luteolytic effect on the corpus luteum by suddenly decreasing the amount of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors in the ovaries during the luteinizing phase of the estrous cycle, causing a rapid decrease in progesterone levels and creating vasoconstriction in the utero ovarian veins. Thus, the secretion of FSH hormone in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland increases and normal estrus and ovulation are achieved following the formation of a new follicle.</p><p>Immediately after the corpus luteum is lysed, the progesterone level drops rapidly, followed by estrus after 2-4 days in cattle and 2-5 days in horses. The early corpus luteum is insensitive to prostaglandin administration. This period corresponds to the period of 4-5 days after ovulation in cattle and horses. Cloprostenol is rapidly distributed to the organism after intramuscular injection. It reaches its maximum tissue level in cattle 30 minutes after application. Cloprostenol is eliminated on average with the same level of urine and bile. The half-life of cloprostenol in cattle is 1.6 hours. Cloprostenol does not accumulate in breast tissue, 0.75% of the administered dose is eliminated with milk. Due to its ability to eliminate the corpus luteum and cause a rapid decrease in progesterone level, it is used to create and synchronize oestrus in cattle and horses</p><p>Cloprostenol has a very short half-life in animals at the injection site, where it is found in highest concentrations, and at sites of elimination (liver, kidney) 30 minutes after injection. While the majority are eliminated in urine and feces, only a very small amount is excreted in milk.</p>

Selexol

Hormones

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>ADEFUR</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Vitamin</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Adefur Injectable Solution is a clear yellow sterile solution and contains 300,000 IU of Vitamin A (Palmitate), 100,000 IU of Vitamin D3 and 50 mg of Vitamin E (Acetate) in each ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Adefur Injectable Solution is a balanced formulation containing vitamins A, D3 and E. It shows high bioavailability by being absorbed for a long time after intramuscular injection. It reaches its highest level in the blood in a short time. It also maintains its protective and therapeutic effect by being stored in the liver. The biological interaction of the vitamins in the product increases the effectiveness of especially vitamin A.</p><p><strong>Vitamin A </strong>is essential for the preservation of the normal structures of the skin and mucous membranes, the continuity of the local defense activities in the mucous membranes, the resistance in the epithelial tissues, the prevention of the entry of infectious agents into the body, the normal development and growth of the connective tissue before and after the birth, utilization of feed, vision, neural functions and reproductive functions. It is an essential vitamin. Vitamin A palmitate administered intramuscularly is absorbed slowly from the injection site, enters the bloodstream and is stored in the liver. It reaches its highest level in plasma in 4 hours. As it is stored in the liver, its plasma level decreases. It is excreted in feces and urine.</p><p><strong>Vitamin Dз</strong> regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body. In case of its deficiency, skeletal disorders occur with rickets, osteomalacia. It is completely absorbed when administered parenterally. First, it passes into the lymph circulation, depending on the lipoproteins, and then into the blood circulation. The plasma half-life is 19-25 hours. Vitamin D is stored mainly in the liver, lungs and kidneys. It is also found in small amounts in the brain, intestines, thymus and blood. Most of vitamin D and its metabolites are excreted from the liver with bile.</p><p><strong>Vitamin E</strong> is a vitamin found in the cell membrane. It has antioxidant activity and neutralizes free oxygen radicals. Vitamin E prevents the oxidation of vitamin A. It supports vitamin A, albeit indirectly. In case of vitamin E deficiency, hyaline degeneration occurs in the skeletal muscles of lambs, kids, calves and other mammalian offspring. Vitamin E is absorbed from the intestines after parenteral administration and enters the lymph circulation due to lipoproteins. From there, they enter the bloodstream and are transported to all tissues and cells and stored. Vitamin E is present in all cells. It is especially collected in body fat and adipose tissue. It is excreted from the body with urine and feces.</p>

Adefur®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>BELİF</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Vitamin</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>Belif Solution for Injection is a clear, orange-yellow, slightly odorous, sterile and nonpyrogenic solution for injection, containing&nbsp;</p><p>B₁ Vit. 5 mg,</p><p>B₂ Vit. 2 mg,</p><p>B₆ Vit. 2 mg,</p><p>B₁₂ Vit. 4 &micro;g,</p><p>D-panthenol 10 mg,</p><p>Niacin 20 mg per ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Belif Solution for Injection contains B complex vitamins.</p><p><strong>Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) </strong>is phosphate by ATP in the human and animal body and turns into thiamine diphosphate. This substance, which forms the active form of thiamine and acts as an ATP donor, is an important coenzyme that plays a role in the intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates in the body.</p><p><strong>Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) </strong>forms prosthetic groups of numerous enzymes that are absolutely essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in all pets.</p><p><strong>Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)</strong>, its active derivatives, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, and pyridoxamine phosphate, form the coenzyme part of many enzymes involved in the absorption, metabolism, and transport of amino acids.</p><p><strong>Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)</strong> is involved in versatile biological events by being transformed into methylcobalamin and co-enzyme B12 active metabolites in the animal body. Thus, it plays an important role in normal nutrition, development, formation of blood, development, and proliferation of all cells, including epithelial cells, synthesis of myelin and preservation of integrity in nervous tissues, and synthesis of some auxiliary enzymes.</p><p><strong>D-panthenol </strong>participates in the compositions of co-enzyme A and the acetyl carrier protein, which are of decisive importance in the realization of a wide variety of textural metabolic events in domestic animals.</p><p><strong>Niacin</strong> acts as a co-factor in the versatile oxide reduction systems essential for tissue respiration by being converted into coenzymes composed of NAD and NADP in all developed living things. The nicotinic acid-based enzymes in question are hydrogen carriers.</p><p><strong>Belif Solution for Injection</strong> is rapidly and completely absorbed from the application sites after intramuscular (IM) administration. It is transported to the liver bound to plasma proteins. They are metabolized mainly in the liver. Vitamins passing through the same organ are distributed throughout the body. They are largely excreted from the body as products of metabolism and unchanged at very low rates.</p>

Belif

<p><strong>Sadece Hayvan Sağlığında Kullanılır</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3><strong>BECOMVİT</strong></h3><p>Enjeksiyonluk &Ccedil;&ouml;zelti</p><p>Veteriner Vitamin</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>BİLEŞİMİ</h3><p><strong>Becomvit Enjeksiyonluk &Ccedil;&ouml;zelti</strong> Sarımtırak-kırmızı renkli, kendine &ouml;zg&uuml; kokulu, berrak, partik&uuml;ls&uuml;z steril bir &ccedil;&ouml;zelti olup beher ml&rsquo;de;</p><p>B₁ Vit. (Thiamin HCL) 100 mg,</p><p>B₂ Vit. (Riboflavin 5&rsquo;Sodyum fosfat ) 5 mg,</p><p>B₆ Vit. (Pridoksin HCL) 10 mg,</p><p>Bз Vit. (Niasinamid) 100 mg</p><p>B₁₂ Vit. 100 mcg,</p><p>B₅ Vit. (D-panthenol) 10 mg i&ccedil;erir.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>FARMAKOLOJİK &Ouml;ZELLİKLERİ</h3><p>B kompleks vitaminlerinden oluşan <strong>Becomvit Enjeksiyonluk &Ccedil;&ouml;zelti</strong>, organizmanın genel durumlarını takviye etmeleri yanında, protein, yağ ve karbonhidrat metabolizmalarında rol&uuml; bulunan enzim ve fermentleri de stim&uuml;le ederler. &Ouml;zellikle Vitamin B₁₂, geviş getiren hayvanlarda ruminasyonu olumlu y&ouml;nde etkileyerek, bitkisel proteinlerden maksimum faydalanmayı sağlar. Benzerlerine oranla: 20 misli Vit. B₁, 2,5 misli Vit. B₂, 5 misli Vit. Bз , 5 misli Vit.B₆ ve 25 misli Vit. B₁₂&nbsp; i&ccedil;eren bir B vitaminleri kompleksidir.</p><p><strong>Vitamin B</strong><strong>₁</strong><strong> (Thiamin)</strong>, suda &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;nen ve karbonhidrat metabolizmasında rol oynayan ve eksikliğinde ciddi neuro-musk&uuml;ler belirtilere neden olan pirimidin ve tiyazol &ccedil;ekirdeğinden oluşan organik bir maddedir ve Tiamin hidroklor&uuml;r olarak bulunur. Oral ve kas i&ccedil;i uygulamada hızla emilim g&ouml;sterir. Geniş bir şekilde bir&ccedil;ok v&uuml;cut dokusuna yayılır. Değişmemiş olarak veya metabolitleri olarak idrarla v&uuml;cuttan atılır.</p><p><strong>Vitamin B</strong><strong>₂</strong><strong> (Riboflavin),</strong> fosfat tuzu olarak suda iyi &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;n&uuml;rl&uuml;k g&ouml;steren ve hayvanlarda enerji metabolizmasında rol alan, aynı zamanda nikotinik asit ve piridoksin metabolizmasında da gerekli olan bir vitamindir. Hem parenteral hem de ağızdan uygulandığında iyi emilir. Emildikten sonra t&uuml;m v&uuml;cuda dağılır ve &ccedil;ok az miktarda depo edilir. İdrarla atılır.</p><p><strong>Vitamin B</strong><strong>₆</strong><strong> (Pridoksin),</strong> suda &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;nen vitaminlerden olan Piridoksin, aminoasit metabolizmasının şekillenmesi i&ccedil;in de gereklidir.&nbsp; Ağızdan verilen Piridoksin hızla emilerek aktif form olan pridoksal fosfat ve pridoksamin fosfata d&ouml;n&uuml;ş&uuml;r. Başlıca karaciğerde metabolize olarak 4-piridoksik asit ve diğer inaktif metabolitlerine okside olarak idrarla atılır.</p><p><strong>Vitamin B</strong><strong>₁₂</strong><strong> (Siyanokobalamin)</strong>, suda &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;nen bir vitamin olup, deri altı ve kas i&ccedil;i yolla verildiğinde uygulama yerinden iyi emilir, hayvan v&uuml;cudunda ara metabolizmada rol alır ve normal gelişme ve beslenme, kan şekilli h&uuml;crelerinin şekillenmesi, epitel h&uuml;crelerde dahil t&uuml;m h&uuml;crelerin gelişmesi ve &ccedil;oğalması, sinir dokusunda myelin sentezi ve b&uuml;t&uuml;nl&uuml;ğ&uuml;n&uuml; koruması gibi son derece &ouml;nemli g&ouml;revleri vardır. &Ccedil;oğunluğu da idrarla atılır.</p><p><strong>Niasin (Niasinamid),</strong> B grubu vitaminlerinden olup parenteral uygulama yerinden ve sindirim kanalından iyi bir şekilde emilerek v&uuml;cutta nikotinamid din&uuml;kleotid (NAD) ve nikotinamid adenin din&uuml;kleotid fosfat (NADP)&rsquo;ye d&ouml;n&uuml;ş&uuml;r ve şeker, protein ve yağ metabolizmasında rol alır, t&uuml;m v&uuml;cut dokularında dağılır ve idrarla k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k miktarlarda atılır. Terap&ouml;tik dozlarda kullanılan niasinamid&rsquo;in k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k bir miktarı değişmemiş şekilde idrarla atılır.</p><p><strong>Pantotenik asit,</strong> Ko-enzim A&rsquo;nın esasını teşkil eder; enzimde sisteinle fosforlu ester şeklinde bulunur. Bu enzim şeker ve yağların ara metabolizmasında &ouml;nemli g&ouml;revler yapar ve iki karbonlu yapıların (asil ve asetil grupları) taşınmasını ger&ccedil;ekleştirir. Ağızdan verildikten sonra pantotenik asit sindirim kanalından iyi emilir. Alkol halinde deri yoluyla uygulandığında da v&uuml;cuttaki noksanlığı giderecek veya ihtiyacı karşılayacak &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;de emilir. T&uuml;m v&uuml;cuda dağılır &ccedil;oğunluğu değişmemiş şekilde idrarla atılır.</p>

Becomvit

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>KLİFOS B<sub>12</sub></h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Mineral-Vitamin</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p><strong>Klifos- B<sub>12</sub> Solution for Injection</strong> is a pink colored clear, sterile solution containing 100 mg of Butaphosphan (corresponding to 17.30 mg of phosphorus) and 0.05 mg of Vitamin B₁₂ per ml.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>Butaphosphan ([1-(butyl amino)-1-methylethyl]-phosphonic acid) contained in Klifos-B12 Solution for Injection is an organic phosphorus compound with a high rate of evaluable phosphorus and used as a phosphorus source in various animal species. Phosphorus, one of the most important minerals involved in cellular activity, is the most important component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides cellular energy. Besides, it is one of the most important structural minerals of bone tissue along with calcium. It also plays a role in keeping the body&rsquo;s pH in balance by acting as a buffer in blood and urine.</p><p>Butaphosphan is rapidly absorbed from parenteral administration points, reaching the highest plasma concentrations in a short time. It is distributed throughout the body and, shortly after stimulating the body&#39;s metabolic functions, leaves the body with urine via the kidneys.</p><p><strong>Vitamin B<sub>12</sub></strong> is a water-soluble B group essential vitamin that is necessary for the maintenance of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, the synthesis of individual amino acids, and the realization of various metabolic events. Among its important known functions is the production of erythrocytes which carry the necessary oxygen to the tissues to be used in the production of energy and ATP in the body, stimulating growth and preserving the integrity of the nervous tissues with its effects on the nervous system. In vitamin B12 deficiency, regression in growth and development, anemia, decrease in feed efficiency, and decrease in fertility is observed in all animal species. In animals, hypersensitivity, movement disorders, limitation of movement in the extremities, ataxia, and demyelination of peripheral nerves are observed, which reflects nervous disorders.</p><p><strong>Vitamin B<sub>12</sub></strong> is well absorbed after parenteral administration and reaches peak blood concentrations within 1 hour. Orally administered Vitamin B12 is absorbed from the digestive tract by active transport and simple diffusion, but an intrinsic factor in gastric secretion is required for absorption to occur. It turns into three types of coenzymes in the body. Vitamin B12 is excreted from the body with bile and urine. 70% of the amount excreted in the bile is reabsorbed by the enterohepatic route.</p>

Klifos B12®

<p><strong>For Animal Use Only</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>NESADE</h3><p>Solution for Injection</p><p>Veterinary Vitamin</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>COMPOSITION</h3><p>NES-AD<sub>3</sub>E Solution for Injection is a clear yellow colored sterile solution; each 1 ml contains 105.000 IU Vitamin A (Palmitate), 52.500 IU Vitamin Dз (Cholecalciferol) and 50 mg Vitamin E (Acetate); contains 18 mg of benzyl alcohol as a preservative and 5 mg of butylhydroxytoluene as an antioxidant.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3><p>NES-AD<sub>3</sub>E Solution for Injection is a formulation containing vitamins A, Dз, and E. It shows high bioavailability by being absorbed for a long time after intramuscular injection. It reaches its highest level in the blood in a short time. It also maintains its protective and therapeutic effect by being stored in the liver.</p><p><strong>Vitamin A: </strong>Provides regeneration and normal function of epithelial tissue, increases body resistance against infectious diseases and ensures growth. It supports protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism. It prevents night blindness. In its deficiency, the integrity of epithelial tissues is disrupted, and hyperkeratosis-type discomfort occurs. When administered orally, it is absorbed by diffusion from the epithelial cells of the small intestine and reaches its peak concentration in plasma after about 4 hours. Its amount in plasma decreases to the extent that it is stored in the liver. Absorption continues in the intestines until the concentration in the liver reaches the peak (2 mg./kg./c.a.). The unabsorbed part is excreted with the stool.</p><p><strong>Vitamin Dз: </strong>It regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus and increases their biological use. The development and hardening of the skeletal tissue, ensures the formation and consolidation of the eggshell in poultry. In case of deficiency, calcium-phosphorus metabolism is disturbed. Bone and skeletal disorders such as rickets and osteomalacia occur. When administered orally, it is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorbed Vitamin D3 first enters the lymph circulation and, by binding to the lipoprotein, passes into the blood circulation. The plasma half-life is approximately 20-25 hours. It is stored in all tissues, especially in adipose tissue.</p><p><strong>Vitamin E: </strong>Vitamin E ensures the development and normal function of the genital organs. It facilitates fertilization and pregnancy. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and creatinine. It supports development and growth. Increases hatching ability. It plays a role in neutralizing free-flowing oxygen groups with its antioxidant feature. It prevents the oxidation of fatty acids, which are the building blocks of cell membranes containing more than one oil in their structure, and prolongs their biological half-life. At the same time, thanks to its antioxidant action mechanism, it also ensures that the cell membrane is durable. Vitamin E, after application, first enters the blood circulation and is then stored in all body tissues.</p>